Mitral Valve Repair Metrics

One of the most frequent questions asked when considering a surgery as risky as cardio-pulmonary bypass, is what are the chances my dog will survive the surgery and what is the long term prognosis post-surgery. The answer is always "it depends".  Each dog is different, and each circumstance is unique.  Below are some guidelines to help you determine the best course of action for your dog based on aggregate data.  For more specific recommendations regarding surgery for your dog, please contact JASMINE Veterinary Medical Center directly.  Additional mitral valve repair statistics may be found in an abstract published by Dr. Masami Uechi from October 2016.

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Global survival rates of dogs who have undergone Mitral Valve Repair with Dr. Masami Uechi:

• 99% in stage B2

• 95% in stage C (if no pulmonary hypertension (PHT) before surgery)

• 85% in stage C (if there is PHT before surgery)

• 75% in stage D

The younger the dog is, the higher the success rate.

80% of the dogs operated on do not need any treatment or additional medications for mitral valve disease after surgery.

Mitral valve repair is needed if one or more of these conditions are present:

• If the dog is 13 years old or less AND

• As soon as the dog is in stage C

• If there is chordae tendinae rupture and/or grade 3 prolapse (even in stage B2)

• If there is a grade 3 or 4 mitral regurgitation (even in stage B2)

• If pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is less than 50 mmHg (otherwise the dog must be put on sildenafil 1-2 months before surgery)

• If the 2D LA/AO ratio in SAX is > 1.6 (right parasternal) (The LA/AO - meaning Left Atrial to Aorta Ratio - uses the relatively fixed diameter of the aorta to assess the degree of left atrial volume loading)

• If the NT-ProBNP level is > 2100 mol/l (even in stage B2)

Mitral Valve Repair under Cardio-Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) is a very complicated procedure

Weak points triggering a poor recovery from CPB are:

• The age of the dog (older dogs are more prone to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and thrombosis after surgery because their endothelium is more damaged)

• The degree of PHT before surgery (because one of the side effects of CPB is PHT)

• The systolic/myocardial function (because there is myocardial ischemia during CPB and the recovery is directly related to the myocardial health before surgery)

• The severity of the ACVIM stage

The surgery might be contraindicated (or have a lower survival rate) if:

• The dog is more than 13 years old

• There is severe PAP not improved after sildenafil therapy

• There is myocardial dysfunction/ischemia (low cardiac output) before surgery

• There is any concomitant medical disease (a secondary illness), for example:

  • A neoplastic process (a mass or tumor)

  • everely impaired renal function such as nephrotic syndrome or protein-losing enteropathy (kidney disorders)

  • Severe hepatic insufficiency (liver failure)

  • Unresolved infections

  • ndocrine disease (such as Cushings)

    • Hypothyroidism can be adjusted and treated 2-3 months before surgery
      

• There is coagulation dysfunction (an issue with blood clotting) and especially decreased levels of antithrombin 3 before surgery

  • Surgery might be difficult if there is a significant aortic insufficiency, an observation that must be recorded in the cardiology report

Post-Surgical Strategies for Restricting Activity

Whether your dog has undergone Mitral Valve Repair surgery, or any number of other surgeries that require a period of activity restriction in order to recover, it can be difficult to control their energy level and normal habitual activities.  In addition to the strategies outlined below, please read the additional guidance for activity levels beyond the 3-month post-operative period here.

Many owners wonder "why is activity restricted after Mitral Valve Repair surgery?"

The surgery involves an open-heart element which needs time to heal.  In addition, there are many carefully placed sutures inside the heart along the valve to complete the annuloplasty – the purse-string stitch that tightens the opening of the valve – and the replacement Gore-Tex heart cords attached to the valve and left ventricle.  In most cases, the efficacy of these sutures depends on the quality of healing time without being under too much unnecessary pressure.

If your dog has undergone Mitral Valve Repair surgery, activity is restricted significantly for the three months post-operative.  This includes no running, jumping, stairs, or any activity that gets them too excited.  For a dog that just underwent a procedure that will make them feel like a puppy again, restricting their energy is a tough job.  Here are some strategies to consider.

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Prepare your environment at home:

• Take the doorbell off the hook and put a note on the door that knocking is strictly prohibited.
   
• Block off any stairs up or down in the house.
   
• Block off the edge of furniture items if your dog typically jumps up without invitation.
   
• Invest in a lightweight movable/re-configurable gate structure that can be placed anywhere.
   
• Put away all toys that your dog may spontaneously play with.
   
• Build or invest in a pet ramp so they can walk, not jump, onto furniture items they typical sit and sleep on.

For extra control, and for dogs who are not trusted to roam freely:

• Make sure your dog stays with you in whatever room of the home you are in and keep doors closed to limit roaming.
• Consider a leash (non-retractable) used with a simple collar or harness over a sweater or onesie to avoid direct contact with the incision site.  Using the leash, maintain a short lead while on furniture if your dog is prone to jumping down on their own, and a long lead to tie your dog to various furniture items on the floor to keep them from wandering around.
• Use a lightweight gate structure or crate to keep them contained especially when you are not at home or while you are asleep.

Natural remedies:

• There is a natural supplement called Zylkene which has a calming effect in some dogs.  The effect is cumulative, and should be given for at least a week consistently to achieve the desired effect.  All dogs react to supplements differently, this product works very effectively for some, and not at all for others.  You can take comfort that Zylkene is totally natural and will not harm your dog, and cannot be overdosed.
• Use a sound or "white noise" machine to create ambient noise so your dog does not overreact to typical noises outside the house that they might normally bark or get excited at or go tearing through the house to investigate, especially when you are not at home.

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Upon discharge from the clinic, you will be provided with post-operative instructions for activity for your dog for a period of three months.  These instructions are intended to keep your dog’s blood circulating and to help slowly recondition them so they can return to normal activity levels in three months.  The current guideline post-operative for the first month is 15 minutes of slow walking, 4 times per day.  This is intended to be the absolute maximum for the most active dogs and also much lower than your dog’s regular activity level.  Throughout the three month recovery period, the doctors will advise when it’s appropriate to increase the amount of time walking and at what suggested interval levels.

For those who have yet to go through Mitral Valve Repair surgery, some of these suggestions may seem a little extreme for a three month period. Some dogs can suffer from some mild depression when restrained for extended periods and it can be difficult to stay strong for them.  However, taking precautions and following the doctor’s discharge notes on exercise ensures that you are giving your dog the best possible chance to heal and get the maximum benefit from surgery.

Traveling With Home Prepared Meals

Traveling by air internationally with your dog can be a stressful event. If you home cook for them, preparing fresh meals can also be difficult.  Some accommodations may not have full kitchens and finding the same ingredients that you typically use can also be challenging in a foreign country.  This article will help you bring your dog’s prepared frozen food with you as a carry on while still complying with the Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) security checkpoint rules.  The following guidelines are from the TSA’s website and additional details can be found here.   

“Meat, fish, vegetables, and other non-liquid food items are permitted in both carry-on and checked bags. If the food is packed with ice or ice packs in a cooler or other container, the ice or ice packs must be completely frozen when brought through screening. If the ice or ice packs are partially melted and have any liquid at the bottom of the container, they will not be permitted.

Even if an item is generally permitted, it may be subject to additional screening or not allowed through the checkpoint if it triggers an alarm during the screening process, appears to have been tampered with, or poses other security concerns. The final decision rests with TSA on whether to allow any items on the plane.”

I successfully traveled with my dog’s frozen food by using the Igloo MaxCold Duffle Cooler shown below.  This product is relatively inexpensive and available at many online retailers and local stores such as Target or Walmart.  I also purchased a few gel icepacks and brought a few freezer bags with regular ice to ensure the gel ice packs didn’t melt on the way to the airport.  Before going through the checkpoint I removed the freezer bags of ice, leaving the frozen gel ice packs in the bag.  I informed the TSA security agents of the contents of my bag and that it was my dog’s food and necessary because she has severe food allergies.  I passed through security and onto my flight.  My food was still completely frozen even when I arrived at my hotel to store it in the freezer.

Here are some tips and tricks to ensure you have no issues getting your food to your final destination – and what to do if for any reason you cannot.

1. When dumping your ice at the airport, which keeps your gel icepacks frozen solid for TSA checkpoint clearance, keep the zip lock bags. They can be refilled on the airplane with ice from any of the flight attendants. This is especially helpful if for any reason your gel icepacks have melted and are not permitted beyond the security checkpoint.

2. If there is room in your checked luggage, you can put the entire cooler with food and ice packs in that and there will be no issues with TSA, even if the ice packs do start to melt. It does take up quite a bit of room though.

3. Make sure your final destination has an adequate freezer. If you are staying at a hotel that doesn’t have a freezer or fridge, check to see if they have ice makers in the building so that you can refresh your zip lock bags once or twice a day with cold ice. You may also contact the front desk to see if you can use an employee freezer.

4. There are several days directly after surgery where your dog will most likely not be fed your home made food while hospitalized. The doctors at each clinic will let you know when you can bring your own food for your dog during the hospital stay. If you don’t want them to use standard commercial foods it would be a good idea for you to bring your own and get the approval to do so.

Article written by Nate Estes, featuring Zoey Marie Estes

Zoey's First MVR Surgery Story

Zoey was diagnosed with Mitral Valve Disease (MVD) in July of 2016. 

We were told it was a disease of the heart where the valve degenerates causing a regurgitation of blood back into the heart, ultimately leading to congestive heart failure and death. They said nothing surgically could be done to fix this, only medication to delay its onset.

As you can imagine we were devastated, left without any hope. Zoey was only given a year left to live.

I searched frantically online for something and found that Cornell University hosted a team of Japanese doctors that perform Mitral Valve Repair surgery. Dylan Raskin was able to secure the funds to fly them to the US, hotel them and cover all the medical expenses.

His dog Esme was almost at death's door but two years after this surgery is more than saved, she healthy and like a puppy.

Sadly, the doctors are only performing this surgery in France, Japan, and Singapore and are the only ones qualified in the world doing the surgery. I learned all I can about this and in the end, I flew my dog from Los Angeles to France for an open-heart mitral valve repair surgery.

The surgery was done October 26th 2016 by Dr. Masami Uechi and Jean Hugues Bozon of the Clinique Veterinaire BOZON 2424 in Versailles France.
 

Zoey is healing well and her heart has already reduced in size. 

Her energy level is like a puppy.  Zoey is off Pimobendan and Enalapril for good.  She only requires blood thinners for the first three months of recovery to avoid blood clots.  No running or jumping as well until cleared by Dr. Sabine Bozon who is Zoey's cardiologist in France.  In addition to her work Dr. Sabine also does the Pre-operative patient profiling and is the director of the surgical aftercare program for her clinic.

Prior to surgery, Zoey's heart was extremely large and her left atrium vein was dilated and stretched. 

The surgery also revealed she was almost going to have a chord rupture. Once this is healed, her heart will continue to shrink and her murmur should reduce as well.

Our three-month post-op check is on January 28th with Dr. Hodge from UC Davis's satellite office in San Diego. Zoey's surgery had no complications and was expected to have a 98 percent result. We feel truly blessed with the level of care we have received from the 6 day ICU care from the Bozon clinic.

Currently, no US surgeon is able to perform this surgery unless they'd study abroad learning Dr. Masami's technique, bringing it back to the US.

The surgery involves heart and lung bypass machine (seen in pics) which the Bozons are the only certified specialists outside of Japan qualified to do small animal bypass.

It involves strengthening the mitral valve with a gortex loop and reattaching the valve to the heart wall with six gortex chords to replace the stressed or stretched out chords. In addition, they strengthen and add extra chords to the heart to ensure any possible future ruptures will have no ill effects on the condition.

The goal of this surgery is to restore them to the B1 stage and repair the valve as much as possible to reduce the regurgitation.

By using the gortex material, there is no rejection. Valve replacements have been attempted yet failed because the body rejected it. Anti-rejection medications didn't work.

This surgery is currently the only option to save dogs suffering from MVD and most cardiologists are unfamiliar with it.

This is history in the making.

I am always asked about the cost and why is it so expensive so here it is.  The clinic is using state of the art medical equipment that most human hospitals dream of having, such as the mentioned cardiopulmonary bypass machine and a cell saving machine that allows for a transfusion of Zoey's own blood during surgery should she have needed it. Donor blood is also available onsite in the case more is needed.

I didn't have the money but was able to secure high-interest rate loans that I barely could afford. I did this without hesitation to save Zoey.

God bless,
Nathan Estes